Apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils.



R. HfBROWNLEE. APPARATUS FOR TREATING HYDROCARBON OILS,

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28. lEHB- A 1,35 9? Patented Dec. 26,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

R. H. BROWNLEE. APPARATUS FOR TREATING HYDROCAHBON OILS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28. 1918.

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APPARATUS h'UlE-t TlEtJl-Ehlfllhl'fit HYDROUAWUN Ulfllh.

hpecification oi Letters hatent. I

Patented cc, as, iota.

original application filed July 11, 191?, Serial No. 179362. lllividefland this application tiled January at,

' rats. serial No. errant.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, htor l-ll. BROWNLEE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Pittsburgh, Alle heny county, Pennsylvania, have invents a new and useful llmprovement in Apparatus for Treating Hydrocarbon @ils, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is a division oil that described and claimed in co-pending applica tion Serial No. 179,862, filed July ll, 1917, and relates to an apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, particularly to apparatus designed to efl'ect such treatment of the oil as to cause the formation oi an increased quantity oi commercial gasolene trom oils naturally containing the same, and cause the production of gasolene by decomposition o'lt' oil from whichthe naturally occurring gasolene has been removed.

@ne object oil the invention is to provide apparatus for the treatment oil hydrocarbon oils which comprises a series or directly heated inclined pipe sections, enlarged portions or drums connected in series therewith, and steam and oil connections to said systom; the apparatus being so arranged that acurrent or steam and oil may be directed throughout the length of the system, and

from time to time be drawn back to the initial point of introduction oi the oil. it further object of the invention is-to provide condensin and separating means which will economica ly sheet a clean and readily regulated fractionation oil the distillate from the crackingstill into a -final product of definite grades and densities, and by means of which any heavy components that may be carried over from the treating system may be returned thereto tor further treatment,

in the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of the apparatus and connections employed; Fig. 2 is a plan view oi the same; and Fig. 3 is a sectional detail view ofga portion "ot the tire heated still or initial treatingapparatus, on the line 3%., 'lBig. l.

"llhe treating apparatus r0 er, or still, comprises a 'l'urnace lin w ic' are set the lower drums 2 and 3 and a plurality of upper drums t; and a plurality'of nests o't a vapor header 8 from which a pair ct u wardly inclined va or lines 9 lead to t e preheater and clari er l0. -'llhe oil feeding system comprises a supply tanlr ll connected to the preheater 10 by means ot a pipe 12 arranged to introduce the oil in the term of a stream or sprayinto the preheater, so that it passes downwardly over the bames 10 therein, the oil line 12 being provided with a t'eed pump 13. FY0111 the lower enteremity of the preheater 10 the teed linelt leads to the receiving drum 2, I

rlteam is turnished to the treating apparatus by means of a plurality of valved'connections l5 leadin tromt the steam header 16 and provided wlth portions 17 extending through the sludge drum 3 a considerable distance into each of the lower pipe sections 6, which pipe sections are inclined downwardly from the receiving drum 2 to the sludge drum 3. Each oi the upperdrums t lying directly above the receiving drum 2 may be drained thereinto by means oii valved draw back connections l8, while each of the drums 4t lying directly above the" sludge drum 8 may also be drained into the receiv lug drum 2 by means of the valved draw back connections 19. falved draw baclr connections 18 and ill are also provided, by means of which oil from the overlying drum or drums oi each series may be drawn baclr into the underlying treating drum or drums 4: ot the same ser es. The sludge drum 3 is also provided-with a suitable drain pipe 20 for drawing oh" the tarry substances produced, during the treatment oil the oil.

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llhtl in conducting a treatment, dry steam is first run through the system and the pipe sections 5 andti raised to a suitable temperature. 'Uil is then introduced into the receiving drum 2, and flows downwardly through the sections 6, in which it IS taken up by the current oil steam and carried through the overlying pipe sections and drums in anatomized and partially vaporized condition. During its progress through llhh lllh

the system the heavier components of the oil, which are in an atomized or imperfectly vaporized condition, will tend to separate out as liquid oil in the drum 4, and also in the pipe sections 5, through which latter such liquidwill be refluxed back counter to the current of steam and vapors intothe drums. Also when the level of liquid oil in these drums rises above the orifices of the lowermot pipe sections connecting therewith, this liquid oil will flow backwardly through these sections into the next lower jlyingJdrum When so 'tor, theliquid inr'the drums 4 lying below the orifices of the pipe sections therein may be run back to the receiving" drum 2 by means of the valved draw backs 18 and 19 which, as shown,' are so arranged that the liquid may be drawn independently from each of the drums 4.

' 'Du ring the progress of a treatment the pipe sections -.5 and Gare maintained at a. temperature which would be in excess of that-requisite to vaporizev substantially all the components of the oil undergoing treatmentfif it were subjected to a simple distilling operation under merely atmospheric pressure. .It' will be understood'that this temperature will necessarily vary according to the grade of, oil, undergoing treatment, a lower-temperature being required for the treatment of distillate than is necessary in the treatment of a crude .or residual petroleum oil. The pressure throughout the systenr is maintained at a point considerably desired by the opera aboveatmospheric, a pressure in excess of five atmospheres being preferably employed. it will be understood, moreover, that instead of dry steam some other inert gas, as, for instance any hydrogen-containing or a perman ent hydrocarbon gas, may be employed .forparrying the atomizedoil and modifying the effectof the heat thereon. A com- [bination of the two mayalso be employed by admitting the steam through the pipes 15, and the hydrogen-containing or hydrocarbon gas'through branches jDuring a treatment in -the still the chief separation oftheheavier components of the oil' from the current-of steam and vapors A will obviously occurin the drums 4, since the I'increased' space within the drums causes a temporary slackening in the speed; of the currentandaifords an added opportunity for the separation and deposition of the liquid oil. I

The theory of operation of a treatment in the apparatus described above corresponds 111 general to that of the processes described and claimed. 1n my co-pending applications,

Serial are. 158,165, filed Mar. '29, 1917, and .filed July 11, 1917, of.

.Serial No. 179,862,

latter application .thefpresent is a di- "wsionybot h processes embodying the idea 01 separating out oil inliquid 01, 11. from a current of steam and oil vapors, and subjecting this separated liquid oil to a further similar treatment in the presence of a lesser concentration of the vapors from which it was separated than at the point of its separation.

The portion of the apparatus for effecting the separation and condensation of the oil discharged as vapor from the still, comprises a vapor line 21 by means of which the vapors pass from the upper extremity of the preheater 10 to heat exchanging means, consisting of a pair of heat exchanging stills 22 and 23, through both of which the vapor line passes in the form of a continuous coil. Beyond the point at which the coil 21 issues from the exchanger 23, it is branched to form a vapor line 24 leading to a water cooled condensing coil 25, and a draw-off pipe 26 connecting with a vapor trap 27 from which the pipe 28 leads to the supply tank 11. In the vapor line 24iis a pressure regulating valve 24 for regulating the pressure in the vapor line 21 and reheater 10 and in the treating system. he condenser discharges into a receiving tank 29 provided with a pressure relief valve 30 and with a draw ofi' pipe '31 having therein a vapor trap 32. From the receiving tank .29 a pipe line 33, provided with a vapor trap 3'4 and pump 35, conducts condensate to the interior of the heat exchanging still 23 which is connected to the interior' of the heat exchanging. still 22 by means of the coupling 36. .Connected to the vapordomes 37 and 38' of the heat exchanging stills are a pair of vapor lines 39 and 40 leading to the interior of the dcphlegmator 41,;each of the exchanging stills also having a connection with the pipe 49 which connects with the pipe 28 leading to from the preheaterpass by means of the vapor line and coil 21 through the heat exchanging stills 22 and 23, the coil being submerged in the liquid oil in the body of the exchangers. In their passage through this coil the vapors become cooled by giving up heat tothe liquid oil from the receiving tan 1 29, and upon passing from the heat exchanging 'still 23, the vapors which are still uncondensed pass byway of the vapor line 24 to the condenser 25; while the products condensed during passage through the heat exchanging stills pass by way of branch plpe 26, vapor trap 27, and pipe 28. back to the Ali carbon oils, compris n a furnace, positioned and vertically arranged series of c fin supply tank for re-circulation through the preheater and still. The condensate from the condenser 25 and receiving tank 29 passes into the interior of the heat exchanging stills 23 and 22in which its lighter components are ire-vaporized by the heat of the vapors in the coil 21 and pass through the vapor lines 89 and A0 to the dephlegmator a1, while the heavier components overflow continuously and pass through the pipes 49 and 28 to the supply tank 11. lfn order that the vapors of heavier oils than those which would be normally obtained by the heating of the coiled vapor line may be obtained when desired, a perforated steam pipe A8 is provided adjacent the bottom of each of the exchanging stills 22 and 28, these pipes being valved and connected with the steam'header 16. it will be understood that the introduction of steam by means of these pipes will effect the usual purpose of bottom steam distillation, and by its lower partial pressure will lower th vapor pressure of the oil in the body of the still and permit vapors of greater density to pass over to the dephlegmator. In the dephlegmator a further and accurate regulation of the boiling point of the final product may be obtained. lln this device the cooling coils it may serve to cool the vapors to a point at whicha certain proportion of the same will condense, "While the steam coil 42 may serve, in the same manner, as the steam pipes A8 in the exchangers, to prevent condensation of certain components of the vapors in the dephlegmators and permit them to pass to the final condenser 47.

The apparatus above described provides a cracking still in which certain components of the oil may be subjected to repeated treatment under conditions favorable for convertingthem into lighter products, particularly a commercial grade of gasolene, llhe separating apparatus provides means for economically and accurately grading the products of the still and in obtaining such as are of the ultimately desired density as final products of condensation. lit also pro vides means for returnin for Ire-treatment any product of greater ensityand higher boiling point than that desired for the particular purpose in view,

What if claim is 1. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a furnace, oppositely positioned andvertically arranged series of drums in said furnace, a plurality of treating tubes inclined to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series, means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said treating tubes, and means for introducing oil'into one of said drums.

2. Apparatus for the. treatment of hydro oppositely drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe a 1 near changer,

sections inclined to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series, means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe. sectlons, means for introducing oil into one of said drums, and means for drawing necting said drums, means for introducing oil into said system, means for introducing a gas adjacent the lower extremity thereof, and draw back lines connecting said drums 'with the point of introduction of the oil,

4. Apparatus for the treatment of hydro All carbon oils, comprising a furnace, oppositely positioned and vertically arranged series of drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe sections inclined to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series, means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections, means for introducing oil into one of said drums, and draw back lines interconnecting drums of the same series and connecting each with the oil receiving drum.

5. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprisin a furnace, oppositely positioned and vertica ly arranged series of drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe sections inclined, to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series, means for introduo mg a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections, means for introducing oil-into one of said drums, means for drawing back oil from the upper drum into said ,oil receiving drum, a primary condenser, a vapor line from the treating system formed by said drums and pipe sections to said condenser,

"a heat euchanger through which said vapor line passes, connection between said heat exchanger and said primary condenser, and a final condenser having connection with said heat exchanger,

6. Apparatus for the treatment of hydro carbon oils, comprisin a furnace, oppositely positioned and vertica ly arran ed series of drums in said furnace, a plain ity of pipe sections inclined to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series, means for inllllll lllll llti troducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections, means for introducing oil into one of said drums, draw baclr lines interconnecting drums of the same series and connecting each with the oil receiving drum, a

primary condenser, a vapor line from the treating system formedrby said drums and pipe sections to said condenser, a heat exchanger through which said vapor line passes, connection between said exchanger and said primary condenser, and a final condenser having c'ounectionwith said heat ex Ian 7. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils comprisinga furnace, oppositely positioned and vertically arranged series of drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe sections inclined'to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite'series, means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections, means for introducing oil into one of said drums, a primary condenser, a vapor line from the treating system formed by said drums and pipe sections to said condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line-passses, connection be tween said exchanger and said primary condenser, connection from said condenser to the body of said heat exchanging still, and vapor connections from said heat exchanging still to said dephlegmator and from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

8. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a furnace, oppositely positioned and vertically arranged drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe sections inclined to the-vertical connecting the 'drums of opposite series, means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections,

- means for introducing oil into one of said a line passes,

drums}. means for drawing back oil from higher lying drums into said oil receiving drum, a primary condenser, a vapor line from the treating system formed by, said drums and pipe sections to said condenser, a heat exchanger through which said vapor a dephlegmator provided with steam and water coils, a final condenser, and vapor connections from said heat exchanger to said dephlegmator and from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

9. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a furnace, a treating system consist' g of a plurality of drums disposed in the walls-"of said furnace and a plurality of pipe sections inclined to the vertical connecting said drums, means for 5 drocarbon oils,

introducing oil into said system, means for introducing a gas adjacent the lower extremity thereof, and draw back lines connecting said drums with the point of introduction of the oil, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said treating system to said condenser, a heat exchanger through which said vapor line passes, a final condenser, a dephlegmator provided: with steam and water coils, and vapor connections -from said .heat exchanger to said dephle matorand from said 'dephlegmator to said final condenser.

10. Apparatus for the treatment of hyeomprising a furnace, oppositely positioned and vertically arranged series of drums in said furnace, a plurality of pipe sections inclined to the vertical connecting the drums of opposite series means for introducing a gas into the lowermost of said pipe sections, means for introducing oil into one of said drums, draw back .lines steam coil in said interconnecting drums of the same series and connecting each with the receiving drum, a primary condenser, a vapor line from the treating system formed by said drums and pipe sections to said condenser, a heat exchanger through which said vapor line passes, a dephlegmator provided with steam and Water coils, a final condenser, and vapor connections from said heat exchanger to said dephlegmator nd from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

11. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a fire heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenser and the body of said heat exchanging" still, a final condenser, a dephlegmator provided with steam and water coils, connection from the vapor space of said heat exchanging still to said dephlegmator, and a vapor line from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

12. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a fire heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenser and the body of said heat exchanging still, a. perforated heat exchanging still, a dephlegmator provided with steam and water coils, a final condenser, connection from the vapor space of said heat exhanging still to said dephlegmator, and a vapor line from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

13. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a supply tank,

a fire heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said'vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenser and v the body of said heat exchanging still, connection between the body of said heat exchanging still and said supply tank, a'dephlegmator provided Wlth steam and water coils, a final condenser, connection from the vapor space of said heat exchanging still to said dephlegmator, and a vapor line (iirom said dephlegmator to said final conenser.

14. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprising a supply tank, a

fire'heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, a perforated steam coil in said heat exchanging still, connection between said primary condenser and the body of said heat exchanging still, connection between the body of said heat exchanging still and said supply 11:

ill

primary condenser Alli a dephlegm water coils, a final condenser, connection :trom the vapor space of said heat exchang ing still to said dephlegmator, and a vapor line from said dephlegmator to said final condenser. I p 15. Apparatus tor the treatment ethy drocarbon oils, comprising a supply tank, a, fire heated cracking still, a primary icons denser, a vapor line from said still to said a preheater disposed in said vapor line and having connection with said supply tank, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenser and the body oil said heat exchanging still, connection between the body'ot said heat exchanging still and said supply tank, a dephlegmator provided with steam and water coils, a final condenser, connection from the vapor space or said heat exchanger to sa d dephlegmator, and a vapor line from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

16. Apparatus for the treatment or hydrocarbon oils, compri ing a supply tank, a fire heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging stlll through which said vapor llne passes, con- I nection between said primary condenser and the body of said heat exchanging still, connection between the body of said heat exchanging still and said supply tank, a final condenser, a vapor line from said heat exchanger-to said final condenser, and means disposed in said vapor line for regulating the density of oil passed as vapor to said final condenser. v p p 17. Apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, comprisin a supply tank, a fire heated. cracking stil, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said-still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenser and the body of said heat exchanging still, a periterated steam coil in said heat exchanging till .drocarbon oils, comprisin still, connection between the body of said heat exchanging still and said supply tank, a final condenser, a vapor line from 'sald heat exchanging still to said final condenser,

and means disposed in said vapor line for regulating the density of oil passed as va por to said final condenser;

18. Apparatus for the treatment of hy a fire heated cracking stil a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said heather ator provided with steam. and

asupply tank,

primary condenser a preheater disposed'in saidvaporline-an having connection with said supply tank, a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, connection between said primary condenserand the body oi said heat exchanging still,

connection between the body or said heat exchanger and said supply tank, a final condenser, and means disposed in said vapor line tor regulating the density of oil passed as vapor to said final condenser 19. Apparatus for the treatment of hy drocarbon oils, comprising a fire heated cracking still, a primary condenser, a vapor line rtrom said still to said primary condenser, a heat exchanging still for redistilling condensate from said primary condenser, a dephlegmator providedv with steam and water coils and having connection with said heat exchanging still, a final condenser, and a vapor'lin'e from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

20. Apparatus for the treatment oi hydrocarbon oils, comprisin a supply tank, a fire heated cracking stilfi a primary -condenser, a vapor line from said still to said primary condenser, a preheaterdisposed in said vapor line and having connection with for redistilling condensate from said prisaid supply tank, a heat exchanging still with steam and water coils and having con-- nection with said heat exchanging still, a

final condenser, and a vapor line from said dephlegmator to said final condenser.

21. Apparatus for the-treatment ct hydrocarbon oils comprising a furnace, a

treating system consisting of a plurality of drums in said furnace and a plurality of treating tubes inclined to the vertical conllfi'll necting said drums, means for introducing oil into said system, means for introducing a gas adjacent the lower extremity thereof, draw back lines connecting said drums with the point of introduction of the oil, a primary condenser, a vapor line from said still to said-condenser,'a heat exchanging still through which said vapor line passes, con; nectlon 'tromisaid primary condenser to said heat exchanging still, and a final con:

1 denser having connection with said heat exchanging still.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand. i

not it, nnotnn.

Witnesses: A

, anrnn S. Mans,

"fi nn Br l nrra. 

